Entomology Oneliner : Order- Diptera

 

Order- Diptera

·       Di= two , ptera = wing

·       Common Name = True flies, Mosquitoes, Gnats, Midges

·       Mouthparts are sucking type but may be modified

·       Fore wings are membranous and used for flight

·       Hind wings are reduced into halters

·       Complete metamorphosis

·       Larvae of diptera is known as maggot

·        Maggots are apodous and acepalous

·       Pupa is generally coarctate type

·       Puparium – last larval skin of diptera which hardened during pupation and pupa remain within it

·       It has 3 sub order-

·       Nematocera (Thread-horn )

·       Brachycera (Short-horn)

·       Cyclorrhapha( Circular-crack)

Nematocera	Brachycera	Cyclorrhapha
Antennae long and many segmented	Antennae short and few segmented	Antennae is aristate
Larval head is well devoloped	Larval head is retractile into thorax	Larval head is vestigial with mouth hooks
Larval mandible act horizontally	Larval mandible act vertically	Mouth hooks act vertically
Pupa is weakly  obtect	Pupa is exerate	Pupa is coarctate
Adult emergence is through straight split in the thorasic region	Adult emergence is through straight split in the thorasic region	Adult emerge through the circular line of weakness by giving pressure using the eversible bladder “Ptillium”

 

·       Nematocera has 2 family-

·       Culicidae- Mosquito

·       Cecidomyiidae – Gall midges

Culicidae :-

Larvae	Known as wriggler chewing  mouth part, Eucephalous larvae
Pupa	Known as tumbler, it has a pair of pthorasic horns which houses the anterior pair of spiracles. A pair of anal paddles is present at terminal end helps in swimming.
Adult	Antennae- Male mosquito-Plumose , Female mosquito-pilose

 

·       Cecidomyiidae:-

A dark sclerotised area is present midventrally on prothorax in the larvae called “chest bone”.

 

·       Brachycera has 2 family –

·       Asilidae – Robber fly

·       Tabanidae- Horse fly

·       Larvae is hemicephalous type

·       Pupa is exeratae type

·       Stylate antennae

·       Robber fly have mouth-beard

 

·       Cyclorrhapha  has 7 family –

·       Syrphidae – Hoverfly, Flower fly

·       Tephritidae – Fruit fly

·       Agromyzidae – Leaf miner, pod fly, stem flies

·       Drosophilidae – Drosophila melanogaster, Pomace fly

·       Tachinidae – Tachanid fly

·       Muscidae - House fly

·       Hippoboscidae – Dog fly

 

·       In syphidae spurious vein is present between radius and median. Larvae feed on aphid and soft bodied insect.

·       In tephritidae subcosta bends apically , female has sharp and projecting ovipositor

·       Arista is completely bare in case of tachanidae

·       Hippoboscidae are viviparous. They give birth of mature larvae which pupates immediately after emerging.